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Mpox Outbreak in Uganda: Reducing Stigma Through Effective Communication and Community Engagement

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re-emerged in Uganda and neighbouring countries, raising concerns about public health responses and the stigma that often accompanies such outbreaks. Understanding mpox and addressing the stigma surrounding it is key to fostering effective community engagement and ensuring timely intervention to control its spread.

Understanding Mpox

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines mpox as a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It primarily spreads from animals to humans but can also spread from person to person through close physical contact, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects. In humans, the disease presents symptoms similar to smallpox, though less severe.

Key signs and symptoms include:

  • Fever
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Rash that evolves into pustules and scabs
  • Headaches
  • Muscle aches and fatigue

Currently, Uganda is grappling with an mpox outbreak that was first confirmed in July 2024, with 11 cases reported across several districts, including Kasese, Amuru, and Mayuge​(WHO | Regional Office for Africa). Surveillance systems are in place to monitor and curb further spread, but stigma remains a significant obstacle in health communication.

The Role of Stigma

Stigmatization of individuals with mpox, particularly in Uganda and other African countries, arises from misconceptions about the disease’s transmission and association with marginalized communities. The public’s unfamiliarity with mpox compounds the stigma, as many still confuse it with diseases like HIV/AIDS or smallpox.

This stigma discourages people from seeking medical attention early, leading to delayed diagnoses, continued transmission, and heightened public fear. In some communities, individuals may face isolation, ridicule, or even discrimination due to the visible rash, making it harder to reach out for help.

Effective Communication Strategies

To reduce stigma and improve mpox-related outcomes, it’s crucial to focus on the following:

  1. Clear, Consistent Messaging: Health authorities must provide information about mpox, focusing on transmission modes, prevention, and treatment. Messaging should emphasize that anyone can contract mpox, and it is not limited to any particular community.
  2. Community-Led Engagement: Involving local leaders, health workers, and community-based organizations ensures that messages are culturally relevant and reach marginalized populations. These groups can act as trusted sources of information and help dispel myths that fuel stigma.
  3. Media Campaigns: Leveraging radio, television, social media, and print media can amplify awareness and encourage those with symptoms to seek early treatment. These campaigns should normalize mpox as a treatable disease and promote compassion toward those affected.
  4. Training Healthcare Workers: Health professionals need training on how to manage mpox patients sensitively and address stigma concerns. Proper communication from medical personnel can encourage patients to follow preventive measures and receive treatment without fear of judgment.

Fact Check: Debunking Hypertension Myths and Understanding the Facts

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries.

Blood pressure is measured using two values: systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart contracts) and diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats).

Normal blood pressure is typically defined as values below 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). Hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure consistently exceeds 130/80 mmHg.

Now let’s examine and fact-check the statements made earlier regarding hypertension:

1. Myth: Hypertension only affects older individuals.

Fact Check: This statement is false. Hypertension can affect individuals of all age groups, not just older adults. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global burden of hypertension has doubled over the past 30 years, affecting 1.28 billion adults worldwide. While age is a risk factor for hypertension, younger individuals can also develop high blood pressure due to factors such as genetics, obesity, lack of physical activity, an unhealthy diet, and excessive alcohol consumption.

2. Myth: Hypertension is harmless and does not require treatment.

Fact Check: This statement is incorrect. Hypertension is a serious medical condition that can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. According to the WHO, high blood pressure is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to a significant number of deaths worldwide. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other related health problems. Treating and managing hypertension through lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet, increasing physical activity, and, if necessary, taking prescribed medications, is crucial for reducing the risk of complications.

3. Myth: Hypertension is primarily caused by stress.

Fact Check: This statement is misleading. While stress can temporarily elevate blood pressure, the primary risk factors for hypertension are diverse. The WHO highlights that age, genetics, obesity, lack of physical activity, high-salt diet, and excessive alcohol consumption are significant contributors to the development of hypertension. Stressful situations may lead to temporary spikes in blood pressure, but long-term hypertension is influenced by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors.

4. Myth: People with hypertension will experience noticeable symptoms.
Fact Check: This statement is partially true. Hypertension is often asymptomatic or “silent,” meaning individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms. The WHO reports that almost half of the people with hypertension are unaware of their condition. Regular blood pressure monitoring is crucial for early detection, as hypertension is commonly identified during routine check-ups or screenings. This emphasizes the importance of proactive monitoring and preventive measures for the timely management of hypertension.

5. Myth: Medication is the only treatment option for hypertension.

Fact Check: This statement is incorrect. While medication may be necessary in some cases, lifestyle changes play a significant role in the management of hypertension. The WHO recommends lifestyle modifications as an essential part of hypertension control. These include adopting a healthier diet, reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking. These lifestyle changes, combined with prescribed medication when needed, can effectively control blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications associated with hypertension. Hypertension Factsheet.

Note; It is important to rely on accurate information when it comes to health-related topics like hypertension. By understanding the facts, debunking myths, and adopting a proactive approach to hypertension management, you can take control of your health and reduce the risk of associated complications. Regular monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate medical care are key elements in effectively managing hypertension and promoting overall cardiovascular well-being.

 

About Us

AFHEG Foundation is a non-profit health organization in Uganda, that focuses on empowering young people and communities with accurate health and environmental information through creative storytelling, e-learning, and interactive gaming, enabling them to improve their quality of life while making informed decisions.

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